This book is the latest achievement of the CHBS of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. For the first time, it expands China's national balance sheet data to 1978-2022. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed "exploring the implementation of national macro-balance sheet management", which fully reflects the important role of the national balance sheet in macroeconomic governance and national governance modernization. It also highlights the forward-looking contribution of the national balance sheet team's long-term squatting and continuous research since its establishment in 2011. The important value of this book, in addition to building a data infrastructure for national macro-balance sheet management, is to show the great changes in China's economy since the reform and opening up from the perspective of stock, and to depict a more three-dimensional and fine-grained macro-China: wealth accumulation shows China's extraordinary achievements in stock catch-up; macro-wealth distribution shows the overall trend of "hiding wealth among the people"; China's asset accumulation and liability accumulation show synchronous characteristics, but they may also separate in the future; the long-term evolution of real estate wealth from the perspective of the balance sheet strongly refutes the "peak theory" of China's real estate.